Exhibit Supplemental Information

SHIFTING PERSPECTIVES: FIRE IN THE WILDERNESS

Additional Online Resources

What is Wilderness? Examining tree rings, researchers reconsider the history of human influence in the Boundary Waters by Evan Larson

The Camp 8 Stand –The Story of the Cloquet Forestry Center’s Old-Growth Red Pines

Fire history, climate, and Ojibwe land use over the past 400 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of Northern Minnesota 

Treaty 3

On 3 October 1873, some Saulteaux peoples (an Ojibwe people) and the Government of Canada signed Treaty 3, also known as the North-West Angle Treaty. This agreement provided the federal government access to Saulteaux lands in present-day northwestern Ontario and eastern  Manitobain exchange for various goods and Indigenous rights to hunting, fishing and natural resources on reserve lands.

Why Treaties Matter

Tree-ring records of human influence on historical fire regimes in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness  

Stand Origin Map Series Annotated by Miron Heinselman

Heinselman, Miron L.; United States Geological Survey (2014); University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy

Maintaining the Mosaic: The role of indigenous burning in land management

By Robin Wall Kimmerer and Frank K. Lake

This article highlights the findings of the literature on aboriginal fire from the human-and the land-centered disciplines, and suggests that the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples be incorporated into plans for reintroducing fire to the nation’s forests. Traditional knowledge represents the outcome of long experimentation with application of fire by indigenous people, which can inform contemporary policy discussions.

Aboriginal Use Of Fire: Are There Any “Natural” Plant Communities?

Gerald W. Williams, Ph.D., Historical Analyst, USDA Forest Service

Fire in the Virgin Forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota

Miron L. Heinselman, 1973 

People, Fire, and Pine: Linking Human Agency and Landscape in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness and Beyond

Evan R. Larson , Kurt F. Kipfmueller  & Lane B. Johnson

Wiigwaasi-Jiimaan – Birch Bark Canoe Building

Faces in the Wilderness: a New Network of Crossdated Culturally-Modified Red Pine in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of Northern Minnesota, USA

Evan R. Larson, Lane B. Johnson, Thomas C. Wilding, Kalina M. Hildebrandt, Kurt F. Kipfmueller & Lee R. Johnson

Script of the Dawes Act of 1887

Wikipedia page for the Nelson Act of 1889 links, including a link via Google books to the document that delivered the act to congress

Minnesota Historical Society Archives – Oral History files of Miron Heinselman